Josh Malihabadi and the Problem of Word Affinity: A Tragedy of Modern Poetry
Due to their ignorance of classical poetics, modern poets like Josh Malihabadi introduced flaws such as incongruity and unnecessary repetition into their poetry.
The Myth of the 'Educated Reader' and the Comprehension of Modern Poetry
No definitive standard can be set for an 'educated reader'; therefore, it is wrong to dismiss modern or complex poetry as meaningless based on this premise.
Does the 'Discerning Reader' Actually Exist?
According to Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, the 'discerning reader' is a fictional concept used by critics to mask their own lack of comprehension and to dismiss difficult poetry.
